Medical advances in the care of premature infants

Medical advances in the care of premature infants now allow babies who are born extremely premature (as early as 24 weeks gestation) to survive.  Please have a thoughtful discussion about advances in care for premature children.  Including:  What are the risk factors for prematurity?  What are some of the procedures or medical equipment that may be needed to keep a premature infant alive?  What are the long term side effects of prematurity in a child?  Also, discuss medical complications that may arise for a child as a result of interventions used because of their prematurity (ex. are there physical or medical side effects associated with any treatments/drug interventions commonly used with premature infants)