|
1. What type of reliability is being assessed in the following example? A study will examine the effects of a fever reducing drug in Greece and the United States. A thermometer that measures temperature with the Fahrenheit scale will be used in the US part of the study and a different thermometer that measures temperature with the Celsius scale will be used in the Greek part of the study. The research team wants to make sure that error isn’t introduced because they are using different thermometers. Before the study, nurses simultaneously take the temperature of 102 patients with the Celsius thermometer and the Fahrenheit thermometer. A scale conversion is calculated and the measurements from each thermometer are examined to see how closely correlated they are. _C___ |
|
|
|
Multiple Choice |
|
Select the best answer and enter it in the blank. __C_ What color is the sky? A) brown B) pink C) blue D) green
|
|
2. __A__
Two studies are conducted to compare the experiences of seniors living in high-rise public housing to those of seniors living in townhouses with subsidized rent. The first study interviews 40 seniors who have been in each government program for at least 1 year, while the second randomly assigns 40 seniors to each program and interviews them after 1 year. Which of the following is a true statement? A) The first study is an observational study, while the second study is an experiment. B) Both studies are considered observational studies because of the time period involved. C) The first study is an experiment, while the second is an observational study. D) Both studies are observational studies because there are no control groups. E) Both studies are experiments. |
|
3. _D___
Which of the following is a true statement about an experiment, but not a true statement about an observational study? A) The cost of conducting it is prohibitive. B) Regression analysis is needed to properly analyze the data after it is gathered. C) A cause-and-effect relationship can be easily ascertained. D) Participants should be informed that they are part of a study. E) Interim variables are more difficult to control. |
Vitamin D is found in many dietary sources such as fish, eggs and milk. However, vitamin D supplements may be necessary for older people. In one research study participants were randomly provided with either 50 or 100 grams of vitamin D daily, and the total number of sinus headaches they had was noted. In a second study, people filled out a questionnaire asking about the hours per week they spent exercising and the number of sinus headaches they had during a six month period.
Which of the following is a true statement?
A) The first study provides weaker evidence than the second study.
B) The first study was an experiment without a control group, while the second was an observational study.
C) The second study has the strongest validity and could suggest the need for future research.
D) Both studies were observational studies.
E) None of the above is a correct statement.
High blood pressure affects 1 in 4 American adults. In one study on the effect of calcium on blood pressure, 500 participants who said they were long-time calcium takers had their blood pressure compared with those of 500 subjects who had never taken calcium. In a second study, 100 subjects were randomly selected to be given calcium and 100 were selected to be given a placebo.
Which of the following is a true statement?
A) The first study establishes a precedent, while the second provides little new information.
B) Both studies would be costly to conduct.
C) The first study was an observational study, while the second was a controlled experiment.
D) Both studies could not be conducted simultaneously.
E) Each study was part controlled experiment and part observational study.
|
1. ____
Which of the following are true statements? I. In an experiment a treatment is administered to one group of individuals to note their response. II. In an observational study, no attempt is made to manipulate or influence the variables of interest. III. Sample surveys are observational studies, not experiments. A) I and II B) I, II, and III C) II and III D) I and III E) None of the above gives the complete set of true responses. |
